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1 alphabet theories of management
Gen MgtThe ultimate business dictionary > alphabet theories of management
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2 Theory X
Gen Mgta management theory based on the assumption that most people are naturally reluctant to work and need discipline, direction, and close control if they are to meet work requirements. Theory X was coined by Douglas McGregor in The Human Side of Enterprise (1960), and it was considered by him to be an implicit basis for traditional hierarchical management. McGregor rejected Theory X as an appropriate management style and favored instead his proposed alternative, Theory Y. -
3 Theory Y
Gen Mgta management theory based on the assumption that employees want to work, achieve, and take responsibility for meeting their work requirements. Theory Y was coined by Douglas McGregor in The Human Side of Enterprise (1960). Although he recognized that Theory Y could not solve all human resource management problems, McGregor favored it over his Theory X, which required an autocratic management style. -
4 Theory Z
Gen Mgta management theory based on the assumption that greater employee involvement leads to greater productivity. Theory Z was proposed by Douglas McGregor shortly before his death in an attempt to address the criticisms of his Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor’s ideas were expanded by William Ouchi in his book Theory Z (1981), reflecting the Japanese approach to human resource management (see HRM). Theory Z advocates greater employee participation in management, greater recognition of employees’ contributions, better career prospects and security of employment, and greater mutual respect between employees and managers. -
5 Theory J
Gen Mgtthe Japanese form of management. Theory J is closely related to Theory Z, and was expounded by William Ouchi. -
6 Theory E
Gen Mgta mechanism for bringing about change in an organization through the creation of economic value and improved profits for the shareholders. Theory E has the single goal of satisfying the financial markets with a top-down approach style of leadership from the chief executive. Theory E may be contrasted with Theory O, which involves employee empowerment and employee participation in leadership. -
7 Theory O
Gen Mgta mechanism for organizational change based on developing corporate culture and human capability through personal and organizational learning. Theory O involves fostering a culture that encourages employees to find their own solutions to problems through empowerment and participative leadership. Theory O contrasts with Theory E, which involves a top-down approach style of leadership rather than employee participation. -
8 Theory W
Gen Mgtan extreme extension of Douglas McGregor’s Theory X, which proposes that not only should employees be coerced into action but that force is often required. Theory W is a humorous contribution to the alphabet theories of management. Theory W stands for Theory Whiplash.
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